Large register Files reduce the performance and energy overhead of memory accesses by improving the thread-level parallelism and reducing the number of data movements from the off-chip memory. Recently, the latency-tolerant register File (LTRF) is proposed to enable high-capacity register Files with low power and area cost. LTRF is a two-level register File in which the first level is a small fast register cache, and the second level is a large slow main register File. LTRF uses a near-perfect register prefetching mechanism that warp registers are prefetched from the main register File to the register File cache before scheduling the warp and hiding the register prefetching latency by the execution of other active warps. LTRF specifies the working set of the warps by partitioning the control flow graph into several prefetch subgraphs, called register-interval. LTRF imposes some performance overhead due to warp stall during the register prefetching. Reducing the number of register-intervals can greatly mitigate this overhead, and improve the effectiveness of LTRF. A register-interval is a subgraph of the control flow graph (CFG) where it has to be a single-entry subgraph with a limited number of registers. We observe that the second constrain contributes more in reducing the size of register-intervals. Increasing the number of registers inside the register-interval cannot address this problem as it imposes huge performance and power overhead during the register prefetching process. In this paper, we propose a register-interval-aware re-production mechanism at compile-time to increase register-interval size without increasing the number of registers inside it. Our experimental results show that our proposal improves the effectiveness of LTRF by 29%, and LTRF’ s performance by about 18% (about 30% improvement over baseline GPU architecture). Moreover, our proposal reduces GPU energy and power consumption by respectively 38% and 15%, on average.

The data grid technology, which uses the scale of the Internet to solve storage limitation for the huge amount of data, has become one of the hot research topics. Recently, data replication strategies have been widely employed in a distributed environment to copy frequently accessed data in suitable sites. The primary purposes are shortening distances of the File transmission and achieving Files from nearby locations to requested sites so as to minimize retrieval time and bandwidth usage. In this paper, we propose a new replica selection strategy which is based on response time and security. However, replication should be used wisely because the storage size of each Data Grid site is limited. In addition, we propose a new replica replacement strategy that considers File availability, time of access, access frequency and size of File. The simulation results report that the proposed strategy can effectively improve mean job time, bandwidth consumption for data delivery, and data availability compared with those of the tested algorithms.

Textbooks play a pivotal role in language learning classrooms. The problem is that among a wide range of textbooks in market which is appropriate for a specific classroom and a group of learners. In order to evaluate ELT textbooks theorists and writers have offered different kinds of evaluative frameworks based on a number of principles and criteria. This study evaluates a series of ELT textbook, namely, American English File by the use of Littlejohn’s (1998) evaluative framework to see what explicit features of the book are, what pedagogic values it has, whether it is in line with its claimed objectives, and what its merits and demerits are. Littlejohn believes that we should evaluate a textbook based on its own pedagogic values and we should see what is in it not what teacher and evaluators think must exist in it. Consequently his framework is claimed to be devoid of any impressionistic ideas and it is in-depth and objective rather than being subjective. Nine ELT experts and ten ELT teachers helped the researcher rate the evaluative checklists. The results of the study show that although a number of shortcomings and drawbacks were found in American English File, it stood up reasonably well to a detailed and in-depth analysis and that its pedagogic values and positive attributes far out-weighed its shortcomings. The internal consistency between ratings was computed via the statistical tool of Cronbach’s alpha that indicated a desirable inter-rater reliability.

Introduction: Academic faculty members need to emphasize ethical principles in order to improve higher education, with the understanding of this importance, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing the ethical model of academic faculty members in Iran's higher education. Material & Methods: This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants, including experts and faculty members of the country's public universities, who were responsible for the promotion of academic members, were selected as key informants through a targeted sampling method of 45 people. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing the participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the moral model of faculty members in Iran's higher education is explained in 10 main categories and 27 subcategories. Major and core categories in the form of 6 dimensions of causal conditions including (individual factors, organizational factors), core (cultural-educational, educational ethics, research ethics, scientific-executive), background conditions (higher education policies, moral activism), intervening conditions (environmental factors), strategies (micro level-university, macro level-higher education) and consequences (individual and organizational) were elevated to a higher abstract level and finally the research paradigm model was presented. Conclusion: The regulations for the promotion of academic staff members in Iran require a detailed revision of the content with an ethical and qualitative approach in order to make the indicators of the promotion regulations efficient and effective.

Purpose: This in-vitro study was conducted to illustrate the influence of Traditional Endodontic access Cavity (TEAC) and Conservative Endodontic access Cavity (CEAC) procedures on the capacity of AF F One (Fanta Dental Materials Co., Shanghai, China) and AF Blue R3 (Fanta Dental Materials Co., Shanghai, China), a continuous rotation and reciprocation endodontic rotary File systems respectively, to shape the root canals of maxillary premolar teeth without transportation or centering deviation. Materials and Methods: Randomly, forty maxillary premolar teeth were categorized into four groups. Group 1 was accessed and instrumented conventionally with AF F One, Group 2 was accessed and instrumented conventionally with AF Blue R3, Group 3 was accessed and instrumented conservatively with AF F One, and Group 4 was accessed and instrumented conservatively with AF Blue R3. With the use of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging (Planmeca ProMax, Helsinki, ‎Finland), before and after instrumentation pictures of the root canals were captured for the purpose of calculating the transportation and centering ability. Results: After checking the normality of data distribution, which was accomplished using the Shapiro-Wilk test, an independent sample t-test was performed to compare the data of various groups with a 95% level of confidence. Equivalent in terms of transportation and centering capacity, the two distinct endodontic instruments have comparable shaping capacities. No statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) was seen among the endodontic access cavity approaches for the two File systems investigated. Conclusion: Compared to TEAC preparation, CEAC preparation has no effect on the capacity of the endodontic Files to shape the root canal system.